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The English language is now the first language of about 350 million people, the native language of 12 nations and the official or semiofficial language of thirty-three more nations. That means one in every seven people in the world speaks English.
Introduction……………………………………………………………….3
I. SOURCES OF ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
1. I PERIOD…………………………………………………………..………5
1.1 Development of the language………………………………….……6
1.2 Origin of English…………………………………………………….7
1.3 The Scandinavian influence…………………………………….……9
2. II PERIOD……………………………………………………….…..….…11
2.1 The Norman Conquest………………………………...…………….13
2.2 The Latin influence…………………………………………………14
2.3 Development of a literary standard…………………………...….…15
3. III PERIOD………………...…………………………………………..…..16
3.1 Eighteenth-century movement to regularize the language…...…..…18
3.2 After-effects of eighteenth-century grammatical theories…….....…20
3.3 American English …………………………….……………………21
3.4 Our days……………………………….……………………………23
3.5 From the history of some words……………………………………24
THE CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………...26
THE LIST OF THE USED LITERATURE…………………………………….27
SUPPLEMENT………………………………………………………………….28
People
began to use the word dollar in the XVI century in England. Dollar is
the English word for thaler- a coin used in some countries. This coin
was made of silver brought from Germany. In the British colonies in
North America, they used a Spanish coin- the peso- which they later
called a dollar. So, this word was used in America for two centuries
before the British colonies became independent at the end of the XVIII
century.
Hooligan.
In
1890 there lived in London a man whose name was Hooligan. He behaved
so badly that soon everybody in London knew him and talked about him.
When somebody began to behave badly people said, ”Oh, he behaves like
Hooligan!” So a new word was born. You can find this word only in
English but also in other languages nowadays. It means, “a person
who makes disturbances in the streets and other public places”.
Boycott.
The
word boycott means “to have no dealings with somebody”. This word
came from the name of Captain Boycott. In 1881, he was a tax collector.
He took too much money from poor people. The people did not want to
pay him so much money and asked him to take less, but it did not help.
So people did not come to gather his harvest from the land- they “boycotted”
him.
THE CONCLUSION
Historical development of the English language is very various and fascinating theme. Therefore, studying this theme, we open for ourselfes a lot of new and interesting. This theme surprising till now many people is very actual.
The
purpose of our report to show perfection and a variety of the English
language. Primary goal is studying development of the English language.
This theme is very important for studying as English was formed by the
influence of the historical development of the country. The history
of the country and development of the language are tautly connected
with each other.
THE LIST OF
THE USED LITERATURE
1. Борисова Л. М. Из истории английских слов. М.: Просвещение, 1996. – С.105-108.
2. Сафонова В. В., Твердохлебова И. П., Зайцева Л. Н., Кавнацкая Е. В. Английский язык. Учебное пособие для X-XI классов. С углубленным изучением английского языка. М.: Просвещение, 1995. – С. 240-243.
3. Поздеева Е. К. Дружеские встречи с английским языком.
М.: Просвещение, 1990.- 143с.
4. Майерс Л. М. Пишем по-английски: руководство по грамматике и письму на английском языке. СПб.: Лань, 1997. - С.448-451.
5. Куличенков В.Ю. История происхождения и развития английского языка. М.: Дрофа, 2000. – С.32-40, С.52-64.
6. Вербицкая
М.В., Соловьева Е.Н. Единый
7. Гаумовская Г.А. New language varieties // English. ж. – 2008. - №1. –
С. 9-10.
Supplement 2
| Stages in the development of the English language | Periods | Dates |
|
| 1. Old English (Anglo-Saxon language) "Gese, ic sprece Eng-lisc." | AD 5th-6th centuries 9th-10th centuries |
Anglo-Saxons (Germanic tribes
of Jutes, Saxons, Angles) overran all England except Cornwall and Cumberland.
They formed independent kingdoms including Northumbria, Mercia, Kent,
Wessex. The Celts were forced to move north and west.
England was converted to Christianity by St. Augustine. Many religious terms were borrowed from Latin. The Danes and Norwegians invaded North and East England and introduced many Norse words into the English language. It was the languages of Anglo-Saxons and then Danes that formed the basis of the English language. The West Saxon dialect emerged as the main form of Old English and was used in the literature of the period. | |
| 2. Middle English "Yis, I speke Englyssh." | 11th-15th
centuries |
1066 | Norman Conquest. England passed into French hands under William the Conqueror. French was used as the language of government, business and the ruling classes for 300 years. |
| 1399 | The grammatical endings of
nouns, verbs and adjectives in Old English became simplified.
Henry IV became the first English-speaking (Lancastrian) king of England to rule since 1066. By the 14th century the East Midland dialect of London became the standard form of English and was used as the literary language. | ||
| |
| ||
| 3.
Early Modern English
"Yes, I speake English." |
15th-16th centuries | 1475 1525
1536-1543 |
The spread of
printing which helped to stabilize the written language.
Translation of New Testament into English. The revival of interest in Classical Latin and Greek led to many learned words being introduced into English. Acts of Union which united England and Wales after conquest. |
| 4.
Later Modern English
"Yes, I speak English." |
18th-19th centuries
19th century |
1707 1755 | Act of Union between England
and Scotland under Queen Anne. The countries became known as Great Britain.
First major English dictionary was published. It was written by Samuel Johnson. It attempted to fix and refine the language further. The growth of British colonial power led to the spread of English as a world language and many varieties of English appeared in North America, South Africa and Australia. |
| 5. Present-day English | 20th century | Present-day English is an international language spoken in most parts of the world. |
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