Lexical Transformations
17 Октября 2013 в 22:31, лекция
This Lecture:
introduces basic translator's devices:
• partitioning;
• integration;
• transposition;
• replacement;
• addition;
• omission, and
• antonymous translation;
Lexical problems of translation
17 Октября 2013 в 19:35, доклад
As a rule, the object of translation is not a list of separate lexical units but a coherent text in which the SL words make up an integral whole. Though each word in the language has its own meaning, the actual information it conveys in a text depends, to a great extent, on its contextual environment. Generally speaking, the meaning of any word in the text cannot be understood and translated without due regard to the specific context in which it is actualized. Some words, however, are less sensitive to the contextual influence than others. There are words with definite meanings which are retained in most contexts and are relatively context-free. Context-free words are mainly found among proper and geographical names, titles of magazines and newspapers, names of various firms, organizations, ships, aircraft and the like, as well as among technical terms used by experts in all fields of human endeavour.
Lexical problems of translation
17 Октября 2013 в 19:35, доклад
As a rule, the object of translation is not a list of separate lexical units but a coherent text in which the SL words make up an integral whole. Though each word in the language has its own meaning, the actual information it conveys in a text depends, to a great extent, on its contextual environment. Generally speaking, the meaning of any word in the text cannot be understood and translated without due regard to the specific context in which it is actualized. Some words, however, are less sensitive to the contextual influence than others. There are words with definite meanings which are retained in most contexts and are relatively context-free. Context-free words are mainly found among proper and geographical names, titles of magazines and newspapers, names of various firms, organizations, ships, aircraft and the like, as well as among technical terms used by experts in all fields of human endeavour.
Lexical problems of translation
25 Июня 2014 в 19:36, реферат
The study of the language is arguably the most hotly contested property in the academic realm. It becomes a tangle begetting multiple language discrepancies. That is why linguistics compares languages and explores their histories, in order to find and to account for its development and origins to give the answers to this or that language point.
Due to the semantic features of language the meanings of words, their ability to combine with other words, their usage, the “place” they hold in the lexical system of a language do not concur for the most part. All the same “ideas” expressed by words coincide in most cases, though the means of expression differ.
Lexical features of writing a slogan
21 Октября 2013 в 21:24, реферат
As we know, historically, advertising began as a kind of text, not accompanied by any image. All the functions inherent in advertising - to attract attention, create interest, to inform the consumer about the product and its qualities and the potential impact on the consumer, urging him to make a purchase, - contained in the text. In our time, advertising has become almost the most common genre, and the classic ad divided between verbal and visual components. It is therefore necessary to find out whether the text is not lost (verbal part) in today's advertising message of its importance and whether he can continue to perform their traditional functions.
Lexical peculiarities of American English
08 Декабря 2014 в 08:33, курсовая работа
The variety of English spoken in the USA has received the name of American English. The term variant or variety appears most appropriate for several reasons. American English cannot be called a dialect although it is a regional variety, because it has a literary normalised form called Standard American (or American National Standard), whereas by definition given above a dialect has no literary form. Neither is it a separate language, as some American authors, like H.L. Mencken, claimed, because it has neither grammar nor vocabulary of its own. From the lexical point of view we shall have to deal only with a heterogeneous set of Americanisms.
Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
08 Апреля 2014 в 20:06, реферат
Words in a context may acquire additional lexical meanings not fixed in the dictionaries, what we have called contextual meanings. The latter may sometimes deviate from the dictionary meaning to such a degree that the new meaning even becomes the opposite of the primary meaning. What is known in linguistics as transferred meaning is practically the interrelation between two types of lexical meaning: dictionary and contextual.
Lexical and Grammatical Means of Expressing Supposition in Modern English
17 Декабря 2013 в 16:52, курсовая работа
Modality – is a multifold phenomenon, and therefore in the linguistic literature we can find different thoughts concerning the essence of this phenomenon. By its nature modality expresses an action which depends on the attitude of the speaker it does not refer directly to any characteristics of the event, but simply to the status of the proposition. There are different types of modality and the topicality of our term paper is caused by the necessity to improve knowledge about the term modality and its expression. The problem of modality as an object of interdisciplinary knowledge that is relevant to the modern science, has long been interested in the humanities scholars working in different fields research - logicians, linguists, psychologists, semioticians. A case of studying modality is complicated by multi-pronged approach to it, which leads to different interpretations.
Lexical and Grammatical Means of Expressing Supposition in Modern English
04 Октября 2013 в 16:23, курсовая работа
The subject of our course paper is how to express supposition in Modern English. Supposition expresses the degree of certainty that something is correct. In grammar the term supposition is closely associated with the category of Modality. By its nature modality expresses an action which depends on the attitude of the speaker, it does not refer directly to any characteristics of the event, but simply to the status of the proposition. Modality can easily express supposition, an action which is not real, but is/was supposed to happen and the realization of which depends on some conditions.