More Bold Automotive Ides Intelligent Wheels

Министерство образования и науки РФ

ГОУ ВПО Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный

Технический университет (МАДИ)

Сочинский филиал

 

 

 

Регистрационный №________

Дата регистрации__________

Методист

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № _______

по дисциплине ____________________

 

 

 

 

Выполнил(а) студент(ка) группы  ________

_________________________________________

(фамилия, имя, отчество)

Проверил(а) ______________________________

(ученая степень, звание, должность)

_________________________________________

(фамилия, имя, отчество)

 

 

 

Проверена  _______________________________                                                                           (дата, подпись преподавателя)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Сочи 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Часть 1

More Bold Automotive Ides Intelligent Wheels

Sophisticated electronics are playing a big role in current automotive research. One of the latest applications is the "intelligent" wheel-computerized systems that continually monitor the air pressure of automobile tires and alert drivers if their tires are over- or under inflated. Neotech Industries of Dallas is developing a digital electronic monitoring system. Another firm, Technical Guidance Inc. of Santa Clara, Calif., has devised a product that not only monitors air pressure in tires but adjusts it automatically. The system, called entire control, also enables a driver to set tire pressure while seated. Technical Guidance claims entire control, which is still being tested, will enhance the safety and fuel efficiency of a car.

Entire control consists of three separate modules. The first is the dashboard display, which houses the system's main microprocessor, programming buttons and warning signals. It contains a tire-pressure display, which provides psi (pounds per square inch) readings for the front and back tires (in pairs); tire-positions indicators that light up when a tire is losing pressure; selectors that establish optimum tire pressure for city and highway driving; and buttons for setting specific tire pressure (within pre-programmed limits). The second component is the detector/drive module — which is essentially four microchips attached, in one unit, to the chassis. Each chip "faces" a tire and detects pressure changes that may occur. When they do, transistors within the module signal the third component - a programmable actuator transducer (PAT), which is attached to each wheel and inflates or deflates the tire. It includes half-inch-thick tubes containing compressed carbon dioxide that surround the inside of the wheel and connect to a mixing valve. If there is a hole in the tire and it cannot be inflated, the system will alert the driver.

 

I. Переведите выделенные слова  на русский язык. Переведите следующие  слова на английский язык.

Current – современный

Alert – предупреждать

Digital – цифровой

Enables – позволяет

Dashboard – панель управления

Warning – предупредительный

Establish – устанавливать

Buttons – кнопки

Chassis – шасси

carbon dioxide – углекислый газ

 

водитель – driver

шина – tire

эффективность – efficiency

дюйм – inch

колесо – wheel

давление воздуха – air pressure

топливо – fuel

сдуваться, спускаться – under inflate

безопасность – safety

смесительный клапан – mixing valve

 

II. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1. What kind of computerized system can monitor the air or pressure of automobile tires?

It is the "intelligent" wheel-computerized system.

2. What enterprises are developing automotive monitoring systems?

They are Neotech Industries of Dallas and Technical Guidance Inc. of Santa Clara, Calif.

3. Is it possible to apply these systems for regulating traffic?

Yes, it is.

4. What is the latest application of the "intelligent" wheel-computerized systems?

One of the latest applications is the "intelligent" wheel-computerized systems that continually monitor the air pressure of automobile tires and alert drivers if their tires are over- or under inflated

5. Does entire control system enable a driver to set tire pressure while seated?

Yes, it does.

6. What will entire control system do if there is a hole in the tire and it cannot be inflated?

If there is a hole in the tire and it cannot be inflated, the system will alert the driver.

 

III. Письменно переведите абзац 2 на русский язык.

           Система контроля состоит из  трех отдельных модулей. Первый  – это дисплей панели управления, где располагается главный микропроцессор  системы, установочные кнопки и  оповещающие сигналы. Он состоит из дисплея измерения давления в шинах, который  обеспечивает измерение давления в фунтах на квадратный дюйм попарно в передних и задних шинах; индикаторов изменения давления, которые загораются если давление в шине падает; переключателей, отвечающих за установление  оптимального давления для режимов «город» и «трасса»; а так же кнопок для настройки определенного давления вручную (в пределах установленных заранее лимитов). Второй модуль – детектор, который оснащен четырьмя микрочипами, закрепленными в один юнит (по одному для каждого шасси). К каждому чипу проведен провод, что позволяет определять изменение в давлении, если таковое возникает. В случае такой ситуации, транзисторы внутри модуля подают сигнал третьему компоненту программируемому приводу-преобразователю (PAT), подключенному к каждому колесу и способному накачать или сдуть шину. Он включает в себя трубочки толщиной в полдюйма, в которых находится углекислый газ, окружающий колесо с внутренней стороны и соединенный со смесительным клапаном. Если в покрышке обнаруживается дыра и ее невозможно накачать, система оповестит об этом водителя.

 

Часть 2

Mechanical Power

Electrical power transmission has replaced mechanical power transmission in all but the very shortest distances. From the 16th century through the industrial revolution to the end of the 19th century mechanical power transmission was the norm. The oldest long-distance power transmission technology involved systems of push-rods connecting waterwheels to distant mine-drainage and brine-well pumps. A surviving example from 1780 exists at Bad Kösen that transmits power approximately 200 meters from a waterwheel to a salt well, and from there, an additional 150 meters to a brine evaporator. This technology survived into the 21st century in a handful of oilfields in the US, transmitting power from a central pumping engine to the numerous pump-jacks in the oil field.

Factories were fitted with overhead line shafts providing rotary power. Short line-shaft systems were described by Agricola, connecting a waterwheel to numerous ore-processing machines. While the machines described by Agricola used geared connections from the shafts to the machinery, by the 19th century, drive belts would become the norm for linking individual machines to the line shafts. One mid 19th century factory had 1,948 feet of line shafting with 541 pulleys.

Mechanical power may be transmitted directly using a solid structure such as a driveshaft; transmission gears can adjust the amount of torque or force vs. speed in much the same way an electrical transformer adjusts voltage vs current.

Hydraulic systems use liquid under pressure to transmit power; canals and hydroelectric power generation facilities harness natural water power to lift ships or generate electricity. Pumping water or pushing mass uphill with (windmill pumps) is one possible means of energy storage. London had a hydraulic network powered by five pumping stations operated by the London Hydraulic Power Company, with a total effect of 5 MW.

Pneumatic systems use gasses under pressure to transmit power; compressed air is commonly used to operate pneumatic tools in factories and repair garages. A pneumatic wrench (for instance) is used to remove and install automotive tyres far more quickly than could be done with standard manual hand tools. A pneumatic system was proposed by proponents of Edison's direct current as the basis of the power grid. Compressed air generated at Niagara Falls would drive far away generators of DC power. The War of Currents ended with alternating current (AC) as the only means of long distance power transmission.

 

 I. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению, в котором употреблено данное слово. Переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

Distances – расстояния

long-distance power – сила, действующая на большие расстояния

mine-drainage – магистральный дренаж

mid – середина

solid structure – твердая материя

voltage – напряжение

facilities – оборудование

remove – демонтаж

proponents – сторонники

current – сила тока

 

передача энергии –         Electrical power transmission

Electrical power transmission has replaced mechanical power transmission in all but the very shortest distances. – передача электрической энергии заменила передачу механической энергии, но лишь на самых малых расстояниях.

механическая энергия – Mechanical power

Mechanical power may be transmitted directly using a solid structure such as a driveshaft – механическая энергия может быть передана только посредством твердой материи, такой как карданный вал.

водяное колесо –waterwheel

The oldest long-distance power transmission technology involved systems of push-rods connecting waterwheels to distant mine-drainage and brine-well pumps – самая старая технология передачи энергии на дальние расстояния включала в себя системы штоков –толкателей, соединяющих водяные колеса с удаленным на расстояние магистральным дренажем и помпами минерального источника.

приблизительно – approximately

A surviving example from 1780 exists at Bad Kösen that transmits power approximately 200 meters from a waterwheel to a salt well, and from there, an additional 150 meters to a brine evaporator – сохранившийся с 1780 г. Пример находится в Кёзен Бад; он передает энергию примерно на 200 м. от соляного источника и еще на 150 м. до соляного выпаривателя.

соляной выпариватель – brine evaporator

A surviving example from 1780 exists at Bad Kösen that transmits power approximately 200 meters from a waterwheel to a salt well, and from there, an additional 150 meters to a brine evaporator – сохранившийся с 1780 г. Пример находится в Кёзен Бад; он передает энергию примерно на 200 м. от соляного источника и еще на 150 м. до соляного выпаривателя.

нефтяное месторождение – oilfield

This technology survived into the 21st century in a handful of oilfields in the US, transmitting power from a central pumping engine to the numerous pump-jacks in the oil field – эта технология выжила в 21 веке в нескольких нефтяных месторождениях США, передавая энергию от главного помпового насоса к многочисленным насосам на нефтяных месторождениях.

трансмиссионный вал – line shaft

Factories were fitted with overhead line shafts providing rotary power – заводы были оснащены надземными трансмиссионными валами, обеспечивающими вращающую силу.

карданный вал – driveshaft

Mechanical power may be transmitted directly using a solid structure such as a driveshaft – механическая энергия может быть передана непосредственно с помощью твердой материи.

Transmission gears can adjust the amount of torque or force vs. speed in much the same way an electrical transformer adjusts voltage vs current – трансмиссионные передаточные механизмы могут подгонять вращающий момент или мощность к скорости таким же образом, как и электрический преобразователь регулирует напряжение и силу тока.

хранение – storage

Pumping water or pushing mass uphill with (windmill pumps) is one possible means of energy storage – нагнетание воды или подача массы вверх по склону с помощью насосов ветряных мельниц – одно из возможных средств хранения энергии.

единая энергосистема – power grid

A pneumatic system was proposed by proponents of Edison's direct current as the basis of the power grid – пневмосистема была предложена сторонниками Эдисонского постоянного тока, как основа единой энергосистемы.

 

 

II. Письменно выполните перифраз второго абзаца.

Plants were equipped with over-ground main shafts providing rotary power. Short main-shaft systems were analyzed by Agricola, linking a waterwheel to many ore-processing mechanisms. While the mechanisms analyzed by Agricola used mechanical linking from the shafts to the machinery, by the 19th century, drive belts would become the standard for connecting separate gears to the main-shafts. In the middle of 19th century plant had 1,948 feet of main-shafting with 541 pulleys.

 

         III. Поставьте к тексту пять вопросов разных типов.

 1. Has the electrical power transmission replaced mechanical power transmission in all but the very shortest distances?

2. What may be transmitted directly using a solid structure such as a driveshaft?

3. How many feet of line shafting did a factory have in the middle of 19th century?

4. Were factories fitted with overhead line shafts or short line-shafts?

5. Pneumatic systems use gasses under pressure to transmit power, don’t they?

 

 

Часть 3

         I. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в нужной форме

1. Mary (to break) her mother’s favourite vase.

Mary broke her mother’s favourite vase.

2. Peter and Sasha (to watch) TV set at the moment.

Peter and Sasha are watching TV set at the moment.

3. My mother (to look) for her glasses at 7 p.m. yesterday?

Was my mother looking for her glasses at 7 p.m. yesterday?

4. My friend (not to live) in Moscow, he (to live) in Sochi.

My friend doesn’t live in Moscow, he lives in Sochi.

5. When the train (to stop), I (to look) out of the window but (not to see) any of my friends there.

When the train had stopped, I looked out of the window but didn’t see any of my friends there.

6. I (to send) them the telegram and hoped that they (to meet) me.

I’d send them the telegram and hoped that they would meet me.

7. As I (to discover) later, they (to receive) it ten minutes before the train arrived and could not meet me.

As I discovered later, they had received it ten minutes before the train arrived and could not meet me.

8. We were greatly surprised not to find Ann at home. It turned out that her sister (to forget) to give her our message, and Ann (to leave) the house fifteen minutes before we (to come).

We were greatly surprised not to find Ann at home. It turned out that her sister forgot to give her our message, and Ann had left the house fifteen minutes before we came.

9. I decided not to put on my raincoat as it (to stop) raining already and the sun (to shine) brightly.

I decided not to put on my raincoat as it has stopped raining already and the sun is shining brightly.

10. The performance already (to begin), and they (to have) to wait till the first act (to be) over.

The performance had already begun, and they had to wait till the first act would be over.

11. Nina never (to be) here before and she (to like) the theatre very much.

Nina had never been here before and she likes the theatre very much.

12. I did not recognize Helen as I (not to see) her for a very long time and she greatly (to change).

I did not recognize Helen as I hadn’t seen her for a very long time and she has changed greatly.